UBURYO BWO KUNOZA RUBAVU MU RWEGO RWO KUVANGANYA RUBAVU RW'UBWOKO BUFUNGUYE

Kuki irabu ikwiye guhindurwamo ibumba? Ni izihe nyungu zo gushushanya irabu?

Nubwo irangi risanzwe rya rubber rifite imiterere myiza, rifite n'imbogamizi nyinshi, nko kuba ridafite imbaraga nyinshi no kuba rito cyane; Ubukonje butuma rikomera, ubushyuhe butuma rifatana; Ryoroshye gusaza, nibindi. Mu myaka ya 1840, byavumbuwe ko irangi rishobora guhurirana binyuze mu kuyishyushya hamwe na sulfur. Kubwibyo, kugeza ubu, nubwo irangi rishobora guhuzwa na sulfur gusa, ahubwo rinahuzwa n'ibindi bintu byinshi bihuza imiti n'uburyo bufatika n'ubutabire, mu nganda zitunganya rubber, byakunze kugaragara ko guhurirana na rubber ari "vulcanization", mu gihe inganda zitunganya pulasitiki rimwe na rimwe zivuga uburyo bwo guhurirana na rubber ari ugukira. Vulcanization irushaho kunoza imikorere ya rubber risanzwe, yongera urwego rw'ikoreshwa rya rubber, kandi igashyiraho urufatiro rw'umusaruro n'ikoreshwa rya rubber mu nganda nini.

Gutunganya irangi ni imwe mu nzira z'ingenzi mu gutunganya ibikomoka kuri rubber, kandi ni ntambwe ya nyuma yo gutunganya ibikomoka kuri rubber. Muri ubu buryo, rubber ihinduka mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku ruvange rwa pulasitiki kugera ku rubber ikomeye cyangwa ifatanye, kugira ngo ibone imiterere yuzuye, iy'imashini n'iya shimi, kandi inoze kandi yongere agaciro k'ikoreshwa n'uburyo ibikoresho bya rubber bikoreshwa. Kubwibyo, gutunganya irangi ni ingenzi cyane mu gukora no gukoresha rubber n'ibicuruzwa byayo.

Igitekerezo cyo gukurura umuyaga

Vulcanization bivuga ibicuruzwa byakozwe mu bikoresho bya rubber bifite plasticity runaka na viscosity (rubber mbisi, plastike compound, mixed rubber) binyuze mu gutunganya neza (nk'ukuzunguruka, gusohora, guhimba, nibindi) munsi y'imimerere imwe n'imwe yo hanze, binyuze mu bintu bya chemical (nk'uburyo bwa vulcanization) cyangwa ibintu bifatika (nk'urugero: γ. Uburyo bwo guhindura ingaruka z'imirasire mu bikoresho bya rubber byoroshye cyangwa ibikoresho bya rubber bikomeye kugira ngo bikoreshwe neza. Mu gihe cyo gushyushya, imiterere yo hanze (nk'ubushyuhe cyangwa imirasire) itera imikorere ya chemical hagati ya rubber mbisi mu bice by'ibikoresho bya rubber n'ikintu gitera vulcanization cyangwa hagati ya rubber mbisi na rubber mbisi, bigatuma hahuzwa macromolecules za rubber zihuza mu macromolecules y'imiterere itatu.

Binyuze muri ubu buryo, imiterere itandukanye ya rubber yarushijeho kuba myiza cyane, bituma ibikoresho bya rubber bibona imiterere ifatika, iy'imashini, n'indi miterere ishobora guhaza ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa. Ishingiro rya vulcanization ni uguhuza, ari na yo nzira yo guhindura imiterere ya molekile ya rubber mo imiterere y'urusobe rw'ahantu.

Uburyo bwo gusya sulfure

Nyuma yo gupima ingano y'icyuma kivanze n'icyuma gitera imbaraga, intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukongeramo icyuma gitera imbaraga. Ni byiza gukurikiza intambwe zikurikira kugira ngo urangize.

1. Ubwa mbere, sukura uruganda rufungura kugira ngo urebe neza ko rufite isuku kugira ngo wirinde ko indi myanda ivangwa. Hanyuma hindura umuvuduko w'uru ruganda kugeza ku rugero ruto hanyuma usukemo irangi rivanze mu ruganda rufungura kugira ngo ribe rito. Nyuma yo kurangiza irangi rito, intera y'umuzingo w'uruvange igomba kwaguka neza kugira ngo urebe neza ko irangi rivanze rihambiriye ku mizingo. Ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'uru ruganda ruvanze bugomba kuba hafi 80oC.

2. Mu guhindura umuvuduko w'urukiramende no gukonjesha amazi neza, ubushyuhe bw'urukiramende ruvanze bugenzurwa kuri dogere selisiyusi 60-80. Muri iki gihe, icyuma gitera imbaraga gitangira kongerwa kuri rukiramende ivanze.