Guteranya Rubber: Gushyira mu byiciro, Gukoresha, n'Ibikoresho

Guhuza imipira y'urubura ni siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibanze ryo guhindura elastomer mbisi mo ibikoresho bishobora gukoreshwa bifite imiterere yakozwe neza. Bikubiyemo guhitamo no kuvanga polymer za rubura—z'umwimerere n'izikozwe mu buryo bw'ubukorikori—hamwe n'inyongera zinoze neza kugira ngo hagerwe ku miterere yihariye nko gukomera, gukomera, kudashwanyagurika, kudashyuha, no kudahindagurika mu bushyuhe. Iyi nkuru itanga incamake y'ibyiciro by'ibikoreshwa mu guhuza imipira y'urubura, ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi ry'imipira y'urubura, n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu kuvanga.

Gushyira mu byiciro ibintu bivanze

Ibintu bigize ifu ya rubber bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bitandukanye by'imikorere:

1. Elastome (Polima z'ibanze): Igice cy'ibanze, gisanzwe gipimwa nk'ibice 100 kuri peteroli ijana (phr). Ibi birimo peteroli karemano (NR)—ikomoka kuri latex y'igiti cya Hevea, itanga imbaraga zo gukurura no kwirinda gucika—hamwe n'ubwoko bwinshi bwa peteroli zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike nka peteroli ya styrene-butadiene (SBR), polybutadiene (BR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), peteroli ya nitrile (NBR), hamwe na elastome zidasanzwe nka silicone na fluoroelastome.

2. Sisitemu yo Guhuza (Gutunganya): Ibi birimo ibintu bitera imbaraga nka sulfur (0.5–35 phr), ibitera imbaraga (0.5–5 phr), n'ibitera imbaraga nka zinc oxide (1.0–5 phr). Iyi sisitemu ikora imiyoboro y'ibinyabutabire ihindura rubber mbisi ya thermoplastic ikayihinduramo thermoset ifite ubushobozi bwo gukomera.

3. Uduce two gusogongera: Tugabanyijemo uduce two gusogongera imbaraga (urugero: umukara wa karuboni na silica) twongera imbaraga za mekanike, ubudahangarwa n'ubusa, n'uduce two gusogongera imbaraga cyangwa kongera ubunini (urugero: ibumba, karubone karubone, mica) dukoreshwa mu kugabanya ikiguzi no kugenzura ingano. Uduce two gusogongera dushobora kuva kuri 25 kugeza kuri 200 phr.

4. Imashini zikora pulasitiki n'izifasha mu koroshya: Zongerwamo kugira ngo zirusheho gutunganywa neza, zigabanye ubushyuhe, kandi zongere ubushobozi bwo koroshya ubushyuhe.

5. Irwanya kwangirika: Irwanya okisidasiyo n'irwanya ozoni (0.5–2 phr) birinda imvange kwangirika kwa okisidasiyo n'ingufu za ozoni.

6. Ibikoresho bifasha mu gutunganya: Harimo peptizer, tackifier, n'ibindi bikoresho byoroshya ibikorwa byo kuvanga no gukora.

Uburyo bwo kuvanga n'ibikoresho

Guhuza imipira bisaba ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo ibintu byose bihuzwe neza kandi bitangwe neza muri matrix ya elastomeric. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu nganda za kabuhariwe ni uburyo bwo kuvanga imipira.

Imvange z'imbere (Banbury Mixers): Izi ni zo mvunge zikoreshwa mu gukora imvange ya rubber igezweho. Imvange y'imbere igizwe na rotor ebyiri zizunguruka zifunze mu cyumba cyo kuvanga gifunze. Ubwoko bubiri bwa rotor bukunze gukoreshwa: rotor za tangential, zibanza gukwirakwira hanyuma zigakwirakwiza ibikoresho, na rotor zihuza, zikora mu buryo bunyuranye. Imvange z'imbere zikora munsi y'ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bigenzurwa, bitanga umusaruro mwiza, gukwirakwira kimwe, no kugabanya umwanda uhumanya ibidukikije. Ni ingenzi mu gukora amapine no mu gukora rabber mu nganda nini.

Utwuma duto (Utwuma dufunguye): Tugizwe n'utuzuma tubiri dufatanye, duhindagurika. Utwuma duto dushyirwa mu gice kiri hagati y'utwuma, aho imbaraga nyinshi zo gukata zituma habaho kuvanga no gukwirakwira. Utwuma duto dukoreshwa mu gusiga pulasitiki, kuvanga ibintu, gushyushya ibikoresho, no gushyiramo amabati. Dukomeje kugira agaciro mu gukora ibintu bito, gukoresha amabara, no gukoresha bisaba kugenzura ubushyuhe neza.

Uburyo bwo kuvanga: Hashyizweho ingamba nyinshi zo kuvanga, harimo kuvanga bisanzwe (habanje kongerwamo ifu, hagakurikiraho ifu, pulasitiki, amavuta, n'ibikoresho bivura), kuvanga ukoresheje icyuma gica hejuru (amavuta avanze mbere yo kongeramo polymer), kuvanga mu cyiciro kimwe, no kuvanga mu byiciro bibiri (bigabanya ubushyuhe kandi bikanoza ikwirakwira ry'amazi). Guhitamo uruziga biterwa n'uburyo imvange ikozemo n'imiterere yifuzwa.

Porogaramu

Ibikoresho bya kabutura ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda hafi ya zose ndetse n'abaguzi.

Imodoka n'Ubwikorezi: Uru ruganda rukomeje kuba urwego rukoresha cyane. Ibinyabutabire bya kabutike bikoreshwa mu mapine, mu mikorere y'uruganda ruvanga kabutike, mu miyoboro, mu byuma bifunga, mu byuma bifunga, mu mikandara, mu bikoresho bishyiraho moteri, mu gukuramo ihindagurika ry'ikirere, no mu bikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. Ukwiyongera kw'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi biri gutuma hakenerwa ibinyabutabire bifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya inkongi, gukingira amashanyarazi, no gucunga ubushyuhe.

Imikoreshereze y'inganda: Ibikoresho ni ingenzi cyane ku mikandara itwara imizigo, imiyoboro y'inganda, ibice bikozwe mu buryo bwa “molds”, imigozi, hamwe n'insinga n'insinga. Ibi bikoresho bisaba ubushobozi bwo kudashwanyagurika cyane, kudahindagurika mu mikorere y'imiti, no kuramba.

Ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa n'abaguzi n'ibidasanzwe: Ibikoresho bya kabutike bikoreshwa mu nkweto, mu bisenge no mu ngirabuzimafatizo, mu bikoresho bifunga, mu mashini zirinda indwara, no mu bikoresho bivura n'ibiryo.

Umwanzuro

Gutunganya imipira ni ishami rihambaye rihuza siyansi y'ibikoresho, uruganda rukora imipira ifunguye, ubwubatsi bw'ibinyabutabire, n'ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyitunganya. Binyuze mu guhitamo no kuvanga neza imipira ya elastomer hamwe na sisitemu zo kongeramo ibintu mu buryo bwihariye—no gukoresha ibikoresho byihariye nka mixers zo imbere n'imashini zikora imipira ibiri—imashini zikora ibikoresho byihariye bitanga umusaruro utabarika w'ingenzi mu buzima bwa none, uruganda ruvanga ibikoresho, kuva ku mapine n'imikandara yo kohereza ibintu kugeza ku byuma bifunga n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi.