1. Inzira yibanze
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zigezweho, cyane cyane inganda zikora imiti, hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bya rubber, ariko umusaruro wabyo ni bimwe.Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri rubber rusange (reberi mbisi) birimo:
Gutegura ibikoresho bibisi → plastike → kuvanga → gukora → volcanisation → gutema → kugenzura
2. Gutegura ibikoresho fatizo
Ibikoresho nyamukuru byibicuruzwa birimo reberi mbisi, ibikoresho bivanga, ibikoresho bya fibre, nibikoresho byuma.Muri byo, reberi mbisi ni ibikoresho by'ibanze;Ibikoresho bivanga ni ibikoresho byingirakamaro byongeweho kugirango bitezimbere ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya reberi;Ibikoresho bya fibre (ipamba, imyenda, ubwoya, fibre artificiel, fibre synthique) nibikoresho byuma (insinga zicyuma, insinga z'umuringa) bikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya skeleton kubicuruzwa bya reberi kugirango byongere imbaraga za mashini kandi bigabanye guhindura ibicuruzwa.
Mugihe cyo gutegura ibikoresho bibisi, ibiyigize bigomba gupimwa neza ukurikije formulaire.Kugirango reberi mbisi hamwe nuwunganira bivangavanze neza, ibikoresho bimwe bigomba gutunganywa:
1. Inzira yibanze
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zigezweho, cyane cyane inganda zikora imiti, hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwibicuruzwa bya rubber, ariko umusaruro wabyo ni bimwe.Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri rubber rusange (reberi mbisi) birimo:
Gutegura ibikoresho bibisi → plastike → kuvanga → gukora → volcanisation → kuruhuka → kugenzura
2. Gutegura ibikoresho fatizo
Ibikoresho nyamukuru byibicuruzwa birimo reberi mbisi, ibikoresho bivanga, ibikoresho bya fibre, nibikoresho byuma.Muri byo, reberi mbisi ni ibikoresho by'ibanze;Ibikoresho bivanga ni ibikoresho byingirakamaro byongeweho kugirango bitezimbere ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya reberi;Ibikoresho bya fibre (ipamba, imyenda, ubwoya, fibre artificiel, fibre synthique) nibikoresho byuma (insinga zicyuma, insinga z'umuringa) bikoreshwa nkibikoresho bya skeleton kubicuruzwa bya reberi kugirango byongere imbaraga za mashini kandi bigabanye guhindura ibicuruzwa.
Mugihe cyo gutegura ibikoresho bibisi, ibiyigize bigomba gupimwa neza ukurikije formulaire.Kugirango reberi mbisi hamwe nuwunganira bivangavanze neza, ibikoresho bimwe bigomba gutunganywa:
Rubber mbisi igomba koroshya icyumba cyo kumisha 60-70 before mbere yo gutemwa no gucikamo uduce duto;
Hagarika nk'inyongeramusaruro nka paraffine, aside stearic, rosine, nibindi bigomba guhonyorwa;
Niba ifu yifu irimo umwanda wubukanishi cyangwa ibice bito, bigomba gusuzumwa no kuvaho;
Ibintu byongeramo amazi (pine tar, coumarone) bisaba gushyushya, gushonga, guhumeka amazi, no kuyungurura umwanda;
Ibikoresho bivanga bigomba gukama, bitabaye ibyo bikunda guhuzagurika kandi ntibishobora gutatana kimwe mugihe cyo kuvanga, bikavamo ibibyimba mugihe cyibirunga kandi bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yibicuruzwa;
3. Gutunganya
Rubber ntoya iroroshye kandi ibuze ibintu nkenerwa (plastike) kugirango itungwe, bigatuma kuyitunganya bigorana.Kugirango tunonosore plastike, birakenewe gutunganya reberi mbisi;Muri ubu buryo, imiti ivanga ikwirakwizwa byoroshye muri reberi mbisi mugihe cyo kuvanga;Muri icyo gihe, mugihe cyo kuzunguruka no gukora, bifasha kandi kunoza uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bya reberi (kwinjira mumyenda ya fibre) hamwe no gutembera neza.Inzira yo gutesha agaciro molekile ndende-ya rebero mbisi kugirango ibe plastike yitwa plastike.Hariho uburyo bubiri bwo gutunganya reberi mbisi: gutunganya imashini no gutunganya ubushyuhe.Gukoresha imashini ya mashini ni inzira yo kugabanya iyangirika rya molekile ndende ya reberi no kuyihindura ikava mu buryo bworoshye cyane ikajya muri plastiki binyuze mu gusohora imashini no guteranya imashini ya plastike ku bushyuhe buke.Gutunganya Thermoplastique ni inzira yo kwinjiza umwuka ushyushye muri reberi mbisi, iyo, bitewe nubushyuhe na ogisijeni, bigatesha agaciro kandi bikagabanya molekile ndende, bityo ikabona plastike.
4. Kuvanga
Kugirango uhuze nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, kugera kubikorwa bitandukanye, no kunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa bya reberi no kugabanya ibiciro, birakenewe kongeramo inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye kuri reberi mbisi.Kuvanga ni inzira yo kuvanga reberi mbisi ya plastike hamwe na agent ikomatanya ukayishyira muri mixer ya rubber.Binyuze mu kuvanga imashini, ibikoresho bivangavanze biratatanye kandi muburyo bumwe muri reberi mbisi.Kuvanga ninzira yingenzi mugukora ibicuruzwa bya reberi.Niba kuvanga bidahuje, uruhare rwa reberi ninyongeramusaruro ntirushobora gukoreshwa neza, bigira ingaruka kumikorere yibicuruzwa.Ibikoresho bya reberi byabonetse nyuma yo kuvanga, bizwi nka reberi ivanze, ni kimwe cya kabiri cyarangije gukoreshwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya reberi, bikunze kwitwa ibikoresho bya reberi.Ubusanzwe igurishwa nkigicuruzwa, kandi abaguzi barashobora gutunganya no gutobora ibikoresho bya reberi kugirango babyaze umusaruro ukenewe.Ukurikije formulaire zitandukanye, reberi ivanze ifite urukurikirane rwamanota atandukanye hamwe nubwoko butandukanye, butanga amahitamo.
5. Gushiraho
Mubikorwa byo gukora ibicuruzwa bya reberi, gukoresha imashini izunguruka cyangwa ikuramo kugirango ibanze gukora imiterere nubunini byitwa molding.Uburyo bwo gukora burimo:
Gukora ibizunguruka birakwiriye gukora impapuro zoroshye hamwe nibicuruzwa bisa.Nuburyo bwo gukanda reberi ivanze muburyo runaka nubunini bwa firime ukoresheje imashini izunguruka, bita kuzunguruka.Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya reberi (nk'amapine, kaseti, ama shitingi, nibindi) bifashisha ibikoresho bya fibre bigomba kuba bisizwe hamwe na buke buke (bizwi kandi ko bifata cyangwa bihanagura kuri fibre), kandi ubusanzwe uburyo bwo gutwikira burangirira kuri a imashini izunguruka.Ibikoresho bya fibre bigomba gukama no guterwa mbere yo kuzunguruka.Intego yo kumisha ni ukugabanya ubuhehere bwibikoresho bya fibre (kwirinda guhumeka no kubira ifuro) no gutera imbere
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2024