Ubumenyi kubyerekeye gusaza

1. Gusaza ni iki?Niki ibi byerekana hejuru?
Mubikorwa byo gutunganya, kubika no gukoresha reberi nibicuruzwa byayo, bitewe nigikorwa cyuzuye cyibintu byimbere ninyuma, imiterere yumubiri nubumashini hamwe nubukanishi bwa reberi bigenda byangirika buhoro buhoro, amaherezo bikabura agaciro kabyo.Ihinduka ryitwa rubber gusaza.Ku buso, bugaragara nk'imvune, gukomera, gukomera, koroshya, guhiga, guhindura ibara, no gukura kworoheje.
2. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku gusaza kwa reberi?
Ibintu bitera gusaza ni:
.Oxidation ni imwe mu mpamvu zingenzi zitera gusaza.
(b) Ibikorwa bya chimique ya ozone na ozone birarenze cyane ibya ogisijeni, kandi birasenya cyane.Irasenya kandi urunigi rwa molekile, ariko ingaruka za ozone kuri reberi ziratandukanye niba reberi yarahinduwe cyangwa idahindutse.Iyo ikoreshejwe kuri reberi yahinduwe (cyane cyane reberi idahagije), ibice byerekeranye nicyerekezo cyibikorwa byo guhangayika bigaragara, ni ukuvuga icyo bita "ozone crack";iyo ikoreshejwe kuri reberi yahinduwe, gusa firime ya oxyde iba ikozwe hejuru idacitse.
(c) Ubushyuhe: Kuzamura ubushyuhe birashobora gutera ubushyuhe cyangwa guhuza ubushyuhe bwa reberi.Ariko ingaruka yibanze yubushyuhe ni activation.Kunoza igipimo cya ogisijeni no gukora reaction ya okiside, bityo wihutishe umuvuduko wa okiside ya reberi, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu bisanzwe byo gusaza - gusaza kwa ogisijeni yumuriro.
(d) Umucyo: Igihe kigufi cyumucyo, niko imbaraga nyinshi.Ibyangiritse kuri reberi ni imirasire ya ultraviolet ifite ingufu nyinshi.Usibye gutera mu buryo butaziguye guturika no guhuza urunigi rwa rubber, imirasire ya ultraviolet itanga radicals yubusa bitewe no kwinjiza ingufu z'umucyo, zitangiza kandi zihutisha inzira ya reaction ya okiside.Umucyo Ultraviolet ukora nkubushyuhe.Ikindi kiranga ibikorwa byurumuri (bitandukanye nibikorwa byubushyuhe) nuko bibaho cyane cyane hejuru ya reberi.Kuburugero rufite ibintu byinshi bya kole, hazaba imiyoboro y'urusobekerane kumpande zombi, ni ukuvuga icyo bita "optique yo hanze igaragara".
.Gukoresha imashini zumunyururu wa molekuline no gukora imashini ya okiside.Ninde ufite ikiganza cyo hejuru biterwa nuburyo yashyizwemo.Mubyongeyeho, biroroshye gutera ozone gucika munsi yibikorwa bya stress.
(f) Ubushuhe: Ingaruka yubushuhe ifite ibintu bibiri: reberi yangirika byoroshye iyo ihuye nimvura mumuyaga mwinshi cyangwa kwibizwa mumazi.Ni ukubera ko ibintu bishonga mumazi hamwe nitsinda ryamazi meza muri reberi bakuramo kandi bagashonga namazi.Biterwa na hydrolysis cyangwa kwinjiza.Cyane cyane mugikorwa gisimburana cyo kwibiza mumazi no guhura nikirere, isenywa rya rubber rizihuta.Ariko rimwe na rimwe, ubushuhe ntibwangiza reberi, ndetse bukagira n'ingaruka zo gutinda gusaza.
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3. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uburyo bwo gupima ibishashara?
Urashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri:
(a) Uburyo bwo gupima gusaza bisanzwe.Igabanyijemo kandi ibizamini byo gusaza mu kirere, ikizamini cyihuta cyo gusaza mu kirere, ikizamini cyo gusaza kibitse, uburyo busanzwe (harimo n'ubutaka bwashyinguwe, n'ibindi) hamwe n'ikizamini cyo gusaza kw'ibinyabuzima.
(b) Uburyo bwihuse bwo gusaza uburyo bwo gupima.Kubusaza bwumuriro, gusaza kwa ozone, gufotora, gusaza kwikirere, gusaza ifoto-ozone, gusaza ibinyabuzima, imirasire yingufu nyinshi no gusaza kwamashanyarazi, hamwe nibisaza bitanga imiti.
4. Ni ikihe cyiciro cy'ubushyuhe gikwiye gutoranywa kugirango hasuzumwe umwuka ushushe kubintu bitandukanye bya reberi?
Kuri reberi karemano, ubushyuhe bwikizamini busanzwe ni 50 ~ 100 ℃, kuri reberi ya sintetike, mubisanzwe ni 50 ~ 150 and, kandi ubushyuhe bwikizamini kuri reberi zidasanzwe buri hejuru.Kurugero, reberi ya nitrile ikoreshwa kuri 70 ~ 150 and, na silicone fluorine reberi ikoreshwa muri 200 ~ 300 ℃.Muri make, bigomba kugenwa ukurikije ikizamini.