Ubumenyi kuri rubber ashaje

1. Gukurura reberi iki? Ibi bigaragarira iki hejuru?
Muburyo bwo gutunganya, kubika no gukoresha reberi nibicuruzwa byayo, bitewe nigikorwa cyuzuye cyimiterere yimbere nimpamvu zumubiri na shimi ya reberi buhoro buhoro, kandi amaherezo ibura agaciro kazo. Ihinduka ryitwa rubber ashaje. Ku buryo bwo hejuru, bigaragarira nko gushira, gukomera, kunangira, byoroshye, guhanagura, gukomera, no gukura kwabo.
2. Ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku gusaza reberi?
Ibintu bitera reberi ashaje ari:
. Okisidetion nimwe mumpamvu zingenzi za reberi.
(b) ibikorwa bya ozone na ozone biri hejuru cyane kurenza ibya ogisijeni, kandi birasenya. Irasenya kandi urunigi rwa molekile, ariko ingaruka za ozone kuri reberi ziratandukanye niba reberi yahinduwe cyangwa atari. Iyo ikoreshwa kuri reberi yahinduwe (cyane cyane reberi idateganijwe), ibice byerekeranye nicyerekezo cyibibazo bigaragara, ni ukuvuga, ibyo bita "ozone crack"; Iyo ikoreshwa kuri reberi yahinduwe, gusa filime oxide yakozwe hejuru idacika.
. Ariko ingaruka zibanze zubushyuhe ni imikorere. Kunoza igipimo cya ogisijeni no gukora reaction, bityo wihutishe igipimo cya okiside ya reberi, nikintu gisanzwe cyo gusaza - ubushyuhe bwa ogisijeni.
(d) Umucyo: Umucyo woroheje, imbaraga nini. Ibyangiritse kuri rubber ni imirasire ya ultraviolet ifite ingufu nyinshi. Usibye guterana guturika no guhuriza hamwe imirongo ya rubber, imirasire ya ultraviolet itera imigezi yubusa kubera kwinjiza imvura yoroheje, itangira kandi yihutisha inzira ya okiside. Ultraviolet itarangiza ikora nko gushyushya. Ikindi kiranga ibikorwa byoroheje (bitandukanye nibikorwa byubushyuhe) nibyo bibaho cyane cyane ku gakondo. Kubyitegererezo hamwe na kole ibirimo, hazabaho urusobe rwimpande zombi, ni ukuvuga ibyo bita "ibimenyetso bya Optique byo hanze".
. Gukuramo imashini zuruhukiro za molecular hamwe nibikorwa bya mashini bikurikirana okiside. Ninde ufite ikiganza cyo hejuru biterwa nibisabwa aho yashyizwe. Byongeye kandi, biroroshye gutera ozone guswera mubikorwa byo guhangayika.
. Ibi ni ukubera ko ibintu byo gufunga amazi n'amatsinda y'amazi muri reberi yakuwe kandi ashonga amazi. Biterwa na hydrolysis cyangwa kwinjizwa. Cyane cyane muburyo bundi buryo bwo kwibiza mumazi hamwe no kwerekana ikirere, kurimbuka kwa reberi bizahita byihuta. Ariko mubihe bimwe, ubuhehere ntabwo bwangiza reberi, ndetse bikagira ingaruka zo gutinza gusaza.
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3. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uburyo bwa rubber agera?
Irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri:
(a) uburyo bwo kugerageza bisanzwe. Bigabanyijemo igabana mu kizamini cyo gusaza mu kirere, ikizamini cyihuse cyo gusaza, ikizamini gisanzwe cyo gupima, hagati (ibizamini byashyinguwe, n'ibizamini bishaje.
(b) uburyo bwihuse bwo gusaza. Ku bushyuhe bwo gusaza, ozone gusaza, gufotoza, guterana ibihangano, guterana amagambo, imirasire-ingufu-zingufu hamwe no gusaza amashanyarazi, no gusaza imiti.
4. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ikigereranyo bugomba gutoranywa mu kizamini gishyushye cyo mu kirere gishaje ku bigo bitandukanye bya rubber?
Kuri reberi karemano, ubushyuhe bwikizamini mubisanzwe 50 ~ 100 ℃, kuri reberi ya synthetike, mubisanzwe 50 ~ 150 ℃, nubushyuhe bwikizamini kuri reberi zimwe zidasanzwe ziri hejuru. Kurugero, nitrile reberi ikoreshwa muri 70 ~ 150 ℃, na silicone fluorine reberi isanzwe ikoreshwa muri 200 ~ 300 ℃. Muri make, bigomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ikizamini.