Intangiriro y'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya rubber n'uburyo bwo kuyitunganya

1. Urugendo rw'ibanze rw'ibikorwa

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa bya rubber, ariko inzira yo kubitunganya ni imwe muri rusange. Uburyo bw'ibanze bw'ibicuruzwa bya rubber hamwe na rubber ikomeye ya rubber nk'ibikoresho fatizo burimo inzira esheshatu z'ibanze: gushushanya, kuvanga, gushushanya, gusohora, gushushanya no gushushanya. Birumvikana ko inzira z'ibanze nko gutegura ibikoresho fatizo, kurangiza ibicuruzwa, kugenzura no gupakira nabyo ari ingenzi cyane. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya rubber ahanini rigamije gukemura ikibazo kiri hagati ya plasticity n'imiterere ya elastic. Binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bw'ikoranabuhanga, rubber ya elastic ihindurwamo rubber ya pulasitiki ya masticated, hanyuma hongerwamo ibintu bitandukanye bivangavanze kugira ngo hakorwe ibintu bya semi-range, hanyuma ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bya semi-range bihindurwamo ibicuruzwa bya rubber bifite elasticity nyinshi n'imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'iy'ikoranabuhanga binyuze mu gushushanya.

2. Gutegura ibikoresho fatizo

Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bikoreshwa mu gukora imipira ni imipira isanzwe nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, kandi imipira isanzwe ikusanywa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata ibiti bya mipira bihingwa mu turere dushyuha no mu turere dushyuha.

Ibintu bitandukanye bivangavanze ni ibikoresho by'inyongera byongewemo kugira ngo binoze imiterere imwe n'imwe y'ibicuruzwa bya rubber.

Ibikoresho bya fibre (ipamba, umuheha, ubwoya n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye byakozwe n'abantu, imigozi ya sintetike n'ibikoresho by'icyuma, insinga z'icyuma) bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho by'amagufwa mu bicuruzwa bya rubber kugira ngo byongere imbaraga za mekanike kandi bigabanye ihindagurika ry'ibicuruzwa. Mu gihe cyo gutegura ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho bigomba gupimwa neza hakurikijwe formula. Kugira ngo rubber mbisi n'ibikoresho bivanze bivangwe neza, ibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa. Rubber mbisi igomba koroshywa mu cyumba cyo kuma kuri 60–70℃, hanyuma igacibwa ikamenwamo uduce duto. Ibikoresho bivanze biba bifite uduce duto. Nka parafini, aside stearic, rosin, nibindi kugira ngo bishenywe. Niba ifu irimo imyanda ya mekanike cyangwa uduce duto, igomba gupimwa kugira ngo ibikomoka ku mazi nka pine tar na coumarone, bigomba gushyuha, gushonga, gushonga, no kuyungururwa. Gukora ibinure mu gihe cyo gushonga kimwe bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa.

3. Gushyira pulasitiki mu mwanya wa pulasitiki

Rubber mbisi ni irahuze kandi idafite ubuziranenge bukenewe mu gutunganya, bityo ntibyoroshye kuyitunganya. Kugira ngo inoze ubuziranenge bwayo, ni ngombwa gusya rubber mbisi, kugira ngo ikintu giteranya rubber gishobora gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi bungana muri rubber mbisi mu gihe cyo kuvanga, kandi icyarimwe, ni ingirakamaro kunoza uburyo rubber inyuramo no kwinjira mu mwenda wa fibre mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gukora. no gushushanya amazi. Uburyo bwo kwangiza molekile z'uruhererekane rurerure rwa rubber mbisi kugira ngo rube plasticity bwitwa gusya. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gusya rubber mbisi: gusya plasticization na thermal plasticization. Gusya ibyuma ni inzira aho molekile z'uruhererekane rurerure zigabanuka zikava ku bushyuhe bwinshi zikagera ku bushyuhe bwa plasticizer bitewe no gusohora no gukururana kwa plasticizer ku bushyuhe buke. Gusya ibyuma bishyushye ni ugushyira umwuka ushyushye mu rubber mbisi munsi y'ubushyuhe na ogisijeni kugira ngo byangize molekile z'uruhererekane rurerure kandi bikagabanuka kugira ngo bigire ubushyuhe.

4. Kuvanga

Kugira ngo ihuze n'imiterere itandukanye y'ikoreshwa, ibone imiterere itandukanye, kandi kugira ngo inoze imikorere y'ibicuruzwa bya rubber no kugabanya ikiguzi, hagomba kongerwamo ibintu bitandukanye bivangavanze kuri rubber mbisi. Kuvanga ni inzira aho rubber mbisi ivanze n'ikintu givangavanze, maze ikintu givangavanze kigakwirakwizwa neza kandi kimwe muri rubber mbisi binyuze mu kuvanga imashini ivanga rubber. Kuvanga ni inzira y'ingenzi mu ikorwa ry'ibicuruzwa bya rubber. Iyo kuvanga bitameze kimwe, ingaruka z'ibicuruzwa bya rubber n'ibivangavanze ntizishobora gukoreshwa neza, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa. Ibikoresho bya rubber biboneka nyuma yo kuvanga byitwa rubber ivanze. Ni ibikoresho bikozwe mu buryo bwa semi-finished byo gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya rubber, bizwi nka rubber material, ubusanzwe bigurishwa nk'ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bya rubber kugira ngo babitunganye, babishyire mu ishusho kandi babishyire mu bicuruzwa bya rubber bikenewe. Dukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kubivanga, hari urukurikirane rw'ubwoko butandukanye n'amoko afite imiterere itandukanye yo guhitamo.

5. Gutunganya

Mu gikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bya kabutura, igikorwa cyo gutegura imiterere n'ingano bitandukanye hakoreshejwe calender cyangwa extruders byitwa molding.

6. Guhindura imiterere y'ibintu mu buryo bwa Vulcanization

Uburyo bwo guhindura rubber ya pulasitiki mo rubber ya elastic bwitwa vulcanization. Ni ukongeramo ingano runaka y'ibintu bitera vulcanizing nka sulfur, vulcanization accelerator, nibindi. Utunyangingo tw'urubber rwa mbere dufatanye kugira ngo tugire imiterere y'urusobe rw'ibice bitatu binyuze mu ikorwa rya "sulfur bridges", bityo uruvange rwa rubber ya pulasitiki ruhinduka vulcanizate itera vulcanizate cyane.