Gutunganya imvange y'urusenda ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bya rusenda. Imashini ebyiri z'ingenzi ziganje muri uru rwego: imvange y'imbere (nk'imvange ya Banbury) n'uruganda rufunguye rufite imigozi ibiri. Nubwo zombi zigamije gukwirakwiza inyongera mu rufatiro rwa rusenda, amahame y'imikorere yazo, imikorere, n'umusaruro biratandukanye cyane. Ubushinwa butanga uburyo bwo gutunganya urusenda rurerure rw'ubwoko bwiza, Iyi ngingo igaragaza intambwe ku yindi yo gutunganya urusenda kuri buri kimwe.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya imvange y'imbere
Iyi mashini ivangavanga imbere ikora nk'uburyo bwo kuvanga bufunze kandi bufite imbaraga nyinshi. Igikorwa gitangirana no gushyushya icyumba cyo kuvanga kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 50–80 no kwemeza ko roteri zisukuye. Hanyuma, polima ya rubber (urugero, rubber karemano cyangwa SBR) inyuzwa muri hopper. Impfizi iramanuka, igashyiramo igitutu, maze roteri zigatangira kuzenguruka ku muvuduko uhindagurika (ubusanzwe 20–60 rpm). Gukata cyane no gukururana bitanga ubushyuhe, uruganda rukora roller ya rubber roller, rukoroshya rubber mu minota 1–2.
Nyuma yuko polymeri icitse, umukozi azamura intama hanyuma akongeramo ibintu bikomeye - umukara wa karuboni, silica, amavuta, n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya - binyuze mu icupa mu buryo bwagenwe. Okiside ya zinc na aside stearike akenshi birakurikiraho, hanyuma accelerators na sulfure byongerwamo nyuma (keretse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuvanga bubiri kugira ngo hirindwe ubushyuhe). intama yongera kumanurwa, kandi kuvanga bigakomeza mu minota 3-5 yose. Ubushyuhe bw'icyumba bushobora kugera kuri 120-160°C. Guhinduranya ubushyuhe neza binyuze mu makoti akonjeshejwe n'amazi birinda ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Iyo ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi rimaze kugerwaho, umukozi ufungura urugi rw’isuka hasi, hanyuma imvange ivanzwe igasohoka nk’ikibuno. Imashini ya silicone rubber roller ikorerwa mu Bushinwa, Izenguruka ryose risanzwe rimara iminota 5-8. Imashini ivanga imbere ikora neza cyane, itanga ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi mu buryo buhoraho, ivumbi rigabanuka, kandi isaba abakozi bake. Ariko, ntishobora kwakira byoroshye ibintu bishobora kwangirika mu bushyuhe hatabayeho gutondekanya neza.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya urusyo rufunguye (Uruganda rufite imigozi ibiri)
Urusyo rufunguye rufite imigozi ibiri itambitse ihindagurika ifite icyuho gihinduka n'igipimo cyo gushwanyagurika. Gushyushya imigozi kugeza kuri 40–60°C ni ingenzi kugira ngo ifatanye. Igikorwa gitangira no gushyira irabu mbisi mu gice cy'urusyo (icyuho kiri hagati y'imigozi). Irabu ikora uruziga ruzunguruka kandi izunguruka ku muzingo w'imbere. Umukoresha w'urusyo arukata, aruzungurutsa, kandi akongera kurwonsa kugira ngo rurusheho kwangirika no koroha - inzira yitwa "gusya" imara iminota 3–5.
Hanyuma inyongeramusaruro zishyirwa buhoro buhoro. Ifu nk'umukara wa karuboni iterwa ku ruziga, mu gihe amavuta asukwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo wirinde kunyerera. Bitandukanye n'umuvangi ufunze, umukoresha ahora akoresha agapira cyangwa icyuma kugira ngo agace kavanze, akagapfunyika, maze agakora "uruziga" kugira ngo ashyiremo ibikoresho. Kugira ngo umuntu avange neza, umukoresha ashobora gukora "kuvanga" (gukata no guhindura urupapuro) cyangwa "guhindura impande eshatu" (guhindura ishusho y'impande eshatu). Icyuho cy'urusyo kigenda kigabanuka kugira ngo cyongere ubwinshi bw'ibice.
Iyo ibikoresho byose bisa n’aho byatatanye neza (ubusanzwe nyuma y’iminota 10-20), icyo kintu gishyirwa ku rupapuro nk’umurongo ukomeza cyangwa kigacibwamo uduce duto. Kugenzura ubushyuhe bikorwa n’intoki - amazi atembera mu migozi bikuraho ubushyuhe, ariko gushyuha cyane bishobora kubaho iyo kuvanga bitinze. Urusyo rufunguye rutanga ubushobozi bwo koroshya uduce duto, impinduka z’amabara, n’ibindi bintu by’ingenzi (urugero, bifite imashini zihuta cyane). Ariko, bisaba ubuhanga bwo gukoresha, bituma abakozi bahura n’umukungugu n’ubushyuhe, kandi bigatuma umusaruro uba muke.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi mu mikorere y'ibikorwa
Akamashini ko gusogongera imbere gafunguye urusyo
Igihe cyo kuzenguruka iminota 5–8 iminota 10–20
Ingufu z'abakozi Hasi (zikora ku buryo bwikora) Hejuru (n'intoki)
Guhura n'umukungugu ni bike cyane
Kugenzura ubushyuhe Ni byiza cyane (yambaye ikoti) Iringaniye
Ingano y'itsinda nini (50–500 kg) Nto (1–50 kg)
Muri make, imvange y'imbere niyo ikundwa cyane mu gukora imvange nini, nziza kandi isukuye, mu gihe imvange ifunguye ikomeza kuba ingenzi mu byiciro bito, imvange zidasanzwe, no mu mirimo ya laboratwari. Inganda nyinshi mu by'ukuri zikoresha byombi mu buryo bukurikiranye: kuvanga imbere mu gukwirakwiza, hagakurikiraho gusya ifunguye mu gukonjesha, kongeramo imiti ivura, no gusiga sheeting ya nyuma. Gusobanukirwa izi nzira bituma imvange ihitamo igikoresho gikwiye kuri buri gikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-03-2026
