Inganda nyinshi n'inganda zikoresha imashini zivanga za rubber zifunguye. Ikintu kinini zikora ni uko zoroshye kandi zigenda neza, kandi zikwiriye cyane cyane kuvanga ubwoko bwa rubber bukunze gukoreshwa, rubber ikomeye, rubber ya siponji, nibindi.
Mu gihe uvanga n'icyuma gifunguye, uburyo bwo kuyikoresha ni ingenzi cyane. Mu bihe bisanzwe, irangi risanzwe rishyirwa mu mwenge w'umuzingo ku mpera imwe y'uruziga rukanda, kandi intera y'umuzingo igenzurwa kuri mm 2 (fata urugero rw'icyuma givanga santimetero 14) hanyuma ukayizungurutsa mu minota 5. Kole mbisi ikorwamo agace koroshye kandi kadafite icyuho, gapfundikirwa ku muzingo w'imbere, kandi hari ingano runaka ya kole yakusanyijwe ku muzingo. Irangi rikusanyijwe rigira hafi 1/4 cy'umuzingo wose wa role mbisi, hanyuma hongerwaho ibintu birwanya gusaza n'ibinyabutabire, maze role igakosorwa inshuro nyinshi. Intego y'ibi ni ugutuma antioxydant na accelerator bikwirakwira neza muri kole. Muri icyo gihe, kongeramo antioxydant ya mbere bishobora gukumira gusaza k'ubushyuhe bubaho mu gihe cyo kuvanga role mbisi. Kandi zimwe muri accelerator zigira ingaruka za plasticizing ku kintu cya role. Hanyuma hongerwaho okiside ya zinc. Mu kongeramo umukara wa karuboni, hagomba kongerwamo ingano nto cyane mu ntangiriro, kuko hari irangi risanzwe rizava ku muzingo ako kanya umukara wa karuboni ukimara kongerwaho. Niba hari ikimenyetso cy'uko irangi ritavaho, reka kongeramo umukara wa karuboni, hanyuma wongereho umukara wa karuboni nyuma yuko irangi rizingiye ku irangi neza. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kongeramo umukara wa karuboni. Ahanini harimo: 1. Ongeramo umukara wa karuboni ku burebure bw'irangi; 2. Ongeramo umukara wa karuboni hagati y'irangi; 3. Ongeramo hafi y'impera imwe y'ibara. Uko mbibona, uburyo bubiri bwa nyuma bwo kongeramo umukara wa karuboni ni bwo bwiza, ni ukuvuga ko igice kimwe gusa cy'irangi gikurwa mu irangi, kandi ntibishoboka gukuramo irangi ryose. Nyuma y'uko irangi rikuwe ku irangi, umukara wa karuboni ushyirwa mu duce duto, kandi ntabwo byoroshye gukwirakwira nyuma yo kongera kuzunguruka. Cyane cyane iyo urimo gukaranga irangi rikomeye, sulfur ishyirwa mu duce duto, ibyo bikaba bigoye cyane gukwirakwira muri irangi. Nta kuvugurura cyangwa gufunga gato bishobora guhindura ahantu hagaragara umuhondo mu "mufuka" uri muri firime. Muri make, iyo wongeyemo umukara wa karuboni, ongeramo gake kandi kenshi. Ntugafate ikinya cyo gusuka umukara wa karuboni wose ku irangi. Intambwe ya mbere yo kongeramo umukara wa karuboni ni cyo gihe cyihuse cyo "kurya". Ntugashyiremo umukara wa karuboni muri iki gihe. Nyuma yo kongeramo igice cy'umukara wa karuboni, ongeramo igice cy'umukara wa karuboni, bishobora kwihutisha "gutanga". Igice cy'umukara wa karuboni cyongerwamo umukara wa karuboni usigaye. Mu gihe cyo kongeramo ifu, intera yo kuzunguruka igomba koroshywa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo ifu ishyizwemo igume mu rugero rukwiye, kugira ngo ifu yinjire mu mukara kandi ishobore kuvangwa n'umukara ku rugero runini. Muri iki cyiciro, birabujijwe cyane gukata icyuma, kugira ngo bitagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'umukara. Mu gihe umukara wa karuboni mwinshi, umukara wa karuboni n'umukara woroshye nabyo bishobora kongerwamo mu buryo bwa paste. Aside stearike ntigomba kongerwamo hakiri kare cyane, byoroshye gutuma izunguruka, ni byiza kuyishyiramo igihe hakiri umukara wa karuboni mu mukara, kandi umukara wa karuboni ugomba no kongerwamo nyuma. Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bivanga kandi byongerwamo iyo hakiri umukara wa karuboni ku mukara. Nk'umukara wa karuboni uvanga DCP. Iyo umukara wose wa karuboni uribwe, DCP izashyuha igashonga ikagwa mu mazi, azagwa mu isafuriya. Muri ubwo buryo, umubare w'ibintu bitera imvubura mu mvange uzagabanuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubwiza bw'ikintu gitera imvubura burahinduka, kandi bishobora gutera imvubura idatetse neza. Kubwibyo, ikintu gitera imvubura kigomba kongerwamo mu gihe gikwiye, bitewe n'ubwoko bwacyo. Nyuma yo kongeramo ubwoko bwose bw'ibintu bitera imvubura, ni ngombwa kongera kuzunguruka kugira ngo ikintu gitera imvubura kivange neza. Ubusanzwe, hari "imihoro umunani", "udufuka tw'inyabutatu", "guzunguruka", "udukoni duto" n'ubundi buryo bwo kuzunguruka.
"Ibyuma umunani" ni ugukata ibyuma ku mfuruka ya 45° ku cyerekezo kimwe cy'umuzingo, inshuro enye kuri buri ruhande. Kole isigaye irazunguruka kuri 90° hanyuma yongerwa kuri ruzingo. Intego ni uko ibikoresho bya ruzingo bizunguruka mu cyerekezo gihagaze n'igitambaro, bituma habaho kuvanga neza. "Ishashi y'inyabutatu" ni ishashi ya pulasitiki ikorwamo mpandeshatu n'imbaraga z'umuzingo. "Guzunguruka" ni ugukata icyuma n'ukuboko kumwe, kuzunguruka ibikoresho bya ruzingo mu ruzingo n'ukundi kuboko, hanyuma ukabishyira muri ruzingo. Intego y'ibi ni ugukora icyuma kivanze neza. Ariko, "ishashi y'inyabutatu" na "guzunguruka" ntibifasha mu gutwika ibikoresho bya ruzingo, byoroshye gutera ubushyuhe, kandi bisaba imbaraga nyinshi, bityo ubu buryo bubiri ntibukwiye gushyigikirwa. Igihe cyo guhindura ni iminota 5 kugeza kuri 6.
Nyuma y’uko urumogi rw’urumogi rushongeshejwe, ni ngombwa ko rugashya urumogi rw’urumogi. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko urumogi rw’urumogi rufite akamaro cyane mu gukwirakwiza urumogi mu rumogi. Uburyo bwo rugashya ni uguhindura intera iri hagati ya mm 0.1 na mm 0.5, ugashyira ibikoresho bya rumogi mu rumogi, hanyuma ukareka bikagwa mu isafuriya yo kugaburiramo mu buryo busanzwe. Nyuma yo kugwa, hindura ibikoresho bya rumogi ho dogere 90 ku rumogi rwo hejuru. Ibi bisubirwamo inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 6. Niba ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho bya rumogi buri hejuru cyane, hagarika urumogi rw’urumogi, hanyuma utegereze ko ibikoresho bya rumogi bikonja mbere yo kugabanya kugira ngo ibikoresho bya rumogi bitagurumana.
Nyuma yo kurangiza inzira nto, gabanya intera y'umuzingo kugeza kuri mm 4-5. Mbere yuko ibikoresho bya rubber bishyirwa mu modoka, agace gato k'ibikoresho bya rubber karacibwa kagashyirwa mu byuma bizingira. Intego ni ugukuramo intera y'umuzingo, kugira ngo wirinde ko imashini ivanga rubber ikoreshwa nabi cyane ikangiza ibikoresho nyuma y'uko ibikoresho byinshi bya rubber bishyizwe mu byuma bizingira. Nyuma y'uko ibikoresho bya rubber bishyizwe ku modoka, bigomba kunyura mu cyuho cy'umuzingo inshuro imwe, hanyuma bikawupfundikira ku muzingo w'imbere, ugakomeza kuwuzunguruka iminota 2 kugeza kuri 3, hanyuma ukawukuramo ukawukonjesha ku gihe. Uru ruziga rufite uburebure bwa cm 80, ubugari bwa cm 40 na cm 0.4 z'ubugari. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha burimo gukonjesha bisanzwe no gukonjesha ikigega cy'amazi akonje, bitewe n'imiterere ya buri gikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, ni ngombwa kwirinda ko uruziga ruhura n'ubutaka, umucanga n'indi myanda, kugira ngo bitagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'umuzingo.
Mu kuvanga, intera y'umuzingo igomba kugenzurwa neza. Ubushyuhe busabwa mu kuvanga imipira itandukanye n'imiti itandukanye yo gukomerera biratandukanye, bityo ubushyuhe bw'umuzingo bugomba gupimwa hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye.
Bamwe mu bakozi bakora akazi ko kuvanga irangi bafite ibitekerezo bibiri bitari byo: 1. Batekereza ko uko igihe cyo kuvanga kigenda kirekire, ari na ko ubuziranenge bwa rangi burushaho kwiyongera. Ibi si ko bimeze mu bikorwa, kubera impamvu zavuzwe haruguru. 2. Bikekwa ko uko kole ikusanyirijwe hejuru y’umuzingo yihuta, ni ko umuvuduko wo kuvanga urushaho kwihuta. Mu by’ukuri, niba nta kole ikusanyirijwe hagati y’imizingo cyangwa kole ikusanyirijwe iba nto cyane, ifu izoroha gukanda ikavamo uduce duto ikagwa mu isafuriya yo kugaburira. Muri ubu buryo, uretse kugira ingaruka ku bwiza bwa rangi ivanze, isafuriya yo kugaburira igomba kongera gusukurwa, kandi ifu igwa yongerwa hagati y’imizingo, isubirwamo inshuro nyinshi, bikongera igihe cyo kuvanga kandi byongera imbaraga z’umurimo. Birumvikana ko niba kole ikusanyirijwe cyane, umuvuduko wo kuvanga iragabanuka. Bigaragara ko kole ikusanyirijwe cyane cyangwa nke cyane idakwiye kuvangwa. Kubwibyo, hagomba kuba hari ingano runaka ya kole ikusanyirijwe hagati y’imizingo mu gihe cyo kuvanga. Mu gihe cyo gukaranga, ku ruhande rumwe, ifu ishyirwa muri kole bitewe n’imbaraga za mekanike. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igihe cyo kuvanga kiragabanuka, imbaraga z'akazi ziragabanuka, kandi ubwiza bw'uruvange rw'ibumba burarushaho kuba bwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 18 Mata 2022
