Kuvanga ni imwe mu ntambwe z'ingenzi kandi zigoye mu gutunganya rubber. Ni imwe mu nzira zikunze kugaragaramo ihindagurika ry'ubuziranenge. Ubwiza bw'uruvange rw'urubber bugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'umusaruro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gukora akazi keza ko kuvanga rubber.
Nk'umuvangi w'urusenda, ni gute wakora akazi keza ko kuvanga rusenda? Ndatekereza ko uretse kumenya neza ubumenyi bukenewe kuri buri bwoko bw'urusenda, nk'imiterere y'urusenda n'uburyo rukoreshwa, ari ngombwa gukora cyane, gutekereza cyane, no kuvanga rusenda n'umutima. Ni muri ubwo buryo gusa haboneka icyuma gishongesha rusenda cyujuje ubuziranenge.
Kugira ngo harebwe ko irangi rivanze rimeze neza mu gihe cyo kuvanga, ingingo zikurikira zigomba gukorwa:
1. Ubwoko bwose bw'ibintu bifite doze nto ariko bifite akamaro kanini bigomba kuvangwa neza kandi bivanze neza, bitabaye ibyo byatera ubushyuhe bw'urusenda cyangwa ubushyuhe budatetse neza.
2. Kuvanga bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga inzira yo kuvanga n'uburyo bwo kugaburira.
3. Igihe cyo kuvanga kigomba kugenzurwa neza, kandi igihe ntikigomba kuba kirekire cyane cyangwa kigufi cyane. Ni muri ubwo buryo gusa bushobora kwemeza ko plastike y'uruvange rw'uruvange ikora neza.
4. Ntujugunye ingano nini y'umukara wa karuboni n'ibirungo byuzuza, ahubwo ubikoreshe byose. Kandi usukure isahani.
Birumvikana ko hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bwa peteroli y’uruvange. Ariko, ibimenyetso byihariye ni ugukwirakwira ku buryo butangana kw’ikintu gitera uruvange, gutera urubura, gutwika, nibindi, bishobora kugaragara mu buryo bugaragara.
Gutatanya ibintu bivanze ku buryo butangana Uretse uduce tw’ibintu bivanze ku buso bw’uruvange rw’umupira, kata icyuma ukoresheje icyuma, hanyuma hazabaho uduce tw’ibintu bivanze ku bunini butandukanye ku gice cy’uruvange rw’umupira. Uruvange ruvangwa neza, kandi igice kiba cyoroshye. Iyo gutatanya ibintu bivanze ku buryo butangana ku buryo butashobora gukemurwa nyuma yo gukosora kenshi, icyuma gifunga kigomba gukurwaho. Kubwibyo, icyuma gifunga kigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga inzira mu gihe cy’igikorwa, kandi rimwe na rimwe, fata icyuma uhereye ku mpera zombi no hagati y’uruvange kugira ngo urebe niba igikoresho gifunga kivanze neza.
Gutera ifu, niba atari ikibazo cyo gushushanya formula, biterwa n'uburyo idakurikizwa neza mu gihe cyo kuvanga, cyangwa kuvanga mu buryo butari bumwe no guteranya kw'ibintu bivanze. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugenzura neza uburyo bwo kuvanga kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu nk'ibyo bibaho.
Igishyushya ni kimwe mu bibazo by'ingenzi mu kuvanga. Nyuma y'uko ibikoresho bya rubber bihiye, ubuso cyangwa igice cy'imbere kiba gifite uduce twa rubber twatetse neza. Iyo igishyushya ari gito, gishobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupfunyika. Iyo igishyushya gikomeye, ibikoresho bya rubber bizakurwaho. Ukurikije ibintu bigenda, igishyushya cy'urubber kigirwaho ingaruka cyane n'ubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe bw'urubber bukabije, rubber mbisi, vulcanizing agent na accelerator bizakira mu gihe cyo kuvanga, ni ukuvuga igishyushya. Mu bihe bisanzwe, niba ingano ya rubber mu gihe cyo kuvanga ari nini cyane kandi ubushyuhe bw'umuzingo bukaba buri hejuru cyane, ubushyuhe bwa rubber buzazamuka, bigatera igishyushya. Birumvikana ko niba uburyo bwo kugaburira budakwiye, kongeramo vulcanizing agent na accelerator icyarimwe nabyo bizatera igishyushya.
Ihindagurika ry'ubukana naryo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'uruvange rw'umukara. Uruvange rw'ubukana bumwe rukunze kuvangwa n'ubukana butandukanye, ndetse bimwe na bimwe biratandukanye cyane. Ibi biterwa ahanini no kuvanga uruvange rw'umukara no gukwirakwira nabi kw'umukara. Muri icyo gihe, kongeramo umukara muto cyangwa munini wa karuboni nabyo bizatera ihindagurika ry'ubukana bw'uruvange rw'umukara. Ku rundi ruhande, uburemere budakwiye bw'umukara uvanze nabyo bizatera ihindagurika ry'ubukana bw'uruvange rw'umukara. Nk'iyongewemo icyuma gitera imbaraga n'umukara wa karuboni utera imbaraga, ubukana bw'uruvange rw'umukara buzagenda bwiyongera. Umukara woroshye n'umukara usanzwe bipimwa cyane, kandi umukara wa karuboni uba muto, kandi ubukana bw'uruvange rw'umukara bugenda bugabanuka. Iyo igihe cyo kuvanga ari kirekire cyane, ubukana bw'uruvange rw'umukara buzagabanuka. Iyo igihe cyo kuvanga ari gito cyane, uruvange ruzakomera. Kubwibyo, igihe cyo kuvanga ntikigomba kuba kirekire cyane cyangwa kigufi cyane. Iyo kuvanga ari kure cyane, uretse kugabanuka k'ubukomere bw'urudodo, imbaraga zo gukurura urudodo zizagabanuka, uburebure bw'urudodo mu gihe cyo kuruhuka buziyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusaza buzagabanuka. Muri icyo gihe, byongera imbaraga z'abakozi kandi bigakoresha ingufu.
Bityo rero, kuvanga bigomba gusa kuba bishobora gukwirakwiza ibintu bitandukanye bivangavanga mu ruganda rwa rubber, no kwemeza imiterere ikenewe y’umubiri n’iy’imashini ndetse n’ibisabwa mu gupima, gusohora no gukora indi mirimo.
Nk'umuvangi w'imashini w'urubura w'umuhanga, ntabwo afite inshingano zikomeye gusa, ahubwo agomba no kumenya neza ubwoko butandukanye bw'urubura n'ibikoresho fatizo. Ni ukuvuga ko atari ukugira ngo asobanukirwe imikorere n'imiterere yarwo gusa, ahubwo no kuba ashobora kuvuga amazina yarwo neza nta birango, cyane cyane ku bintu bifite imiterere isa. Urugero, okiside ya manyeziyumu, okiside ya nitrike na hydroxide ya kalisiyumu, umukara wa karuboni udashira cyane, umukara wa karuboni usohoka vuba na umukara wa karuboni usubijwemo kabiri, ndetse na nitrile yo mu rugo-18, nitrile-26, nitrile-40 n'ibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 18 Mata 2022
