Ishyirwa mu byiciro n'imiterere ya rabu idasanzwe

Rubber y’ubukorikori ni kimwe mu bikoresho bitatu by’ingenzi bikozwe mu bukorikori kandi gikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye z’inganda, mu ngabo z’igihugu, mu gutwara abantu n’ibintu ndetse no mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Rubber y’ubukorikori ifite imikorere myiza kandi ikora neza ni ibikoresho by’ingenzi by’ibanze bikenewe mu iterambere ry’igihe gishya, kandi ni umutungo w’ingenzi mu ngamba z’igihugu.

Ibikoresho byihariye bya rubber by’ubukorikori bivuga ibikoresho bya rubber bitandukanye n’ibikoresho rusange bya rubber kandi bifite imiterere yihariye nko kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ubukonje, kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya kugabanya ubushyuhe, no kurwanya imiti, ahanini rubber ya nitrile ya hydrogenated (HNBR), thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), rubber ya silicone, rubber ya fluorine, rubber ya fluorosilicone, rubber ya acrylate, nibindi. Bitewe n’imiterere yabyo yihariye, ibikoresho byihariye bya rubber byabaye ibikoresho by’ingenzi bikenewe mu guteza imbere ingamba zikomeye z’igihugu n’ibindi bikorwa bishya nko mu kirere, ingabo z’igihugu n’inganda za gisirikare, amakuru y’ikoranabuhanga, ingufu, ibidukikije, n’inyanja.

1. Rubber ya nitrile ikomoka kuri hydrogenated (HNBR)

Rubber ya nitrile ifite hydrogen ni ibikoresho byuzuye cyane bya rubber biboneka binyuze mu kongera hydrogen kuri butadiene ku mugozi wa nitrile kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe no gusaza kwa rubber ya nitrile butadiene (NBR). Ikiranga cyayo nyamukuru ni uko ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire kuri 150 ℃, kandi iracyashobora kugumana imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'iy'ikoranabuhanga ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye byo guhangana n'ubushyuhe bwinshi no guhangana n'imiti mu bikoresho byo mu modoka, mu kirere, mu butaka bwa peteroli n'ahandi. Ibisabwa, bikunze gukoreshwa cyane, nko gufunga amavuta y'imodoka, ibice bya sisitemu ya lisansi, imikandara yo gutwara imodoka, amasanduku yo gucukura na piston zo mu byondo, imigozi ya rubber yo gucapa no kwambara imyenda, gufunga ibintu byo mu kirere, ibikoresho byo gufata shock, nibindi.

2. Vulcanizate ya Thermoplastic (TPV)

Vulcanizates za Thermoplastic, mu magambo ahinnye nka TPV, ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa elastomer za thermoplastic zikorwa na "dynamic vulcanization" y'ibivanze bidahinduka bya thermoplastics na elastomer, ni ukuvuga guhitamo igice cya elastomer mu gihe cyo kuvanga na thermoplastic Sexual cross-linking. Guhuza icyarimwe igice cya rubber imbere y'ikintu gihuza (bishoboka peroxides, diamines, sulfur accelerators, nibindi) mu gihe cyo kuvanga na thermoplastics bivamo dynamic vulcanizate continuous thermoplastic matrix igizwe na rubber ifatanye. Uduce turi muri icyo gice, dynamic vulcanization ituma viscosity ya rubber yiyongera, ituma inversion y'igice irushaho kwiyongera kandi igatanga imiterere ya multiphase muri TPV. TPV ifite imikorere nk'iya rubber yo gushyiraho thermosetting ndetse n'umuvuduko wo gutunganya thermoplastics, ahanini igaragara mu mikorere myiza/igiciro, imiterere yoroshye, uburemere bworoheje, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora, gutunganya byoroshye, ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'ibipimo. Ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, ikoreshwa cyane mu bice by'imodoka, mu bwubatsi bw'amashanyarazi, mu byuma bifunga n'ahandi.

3. Rubber ya silikoni

Rubber ya silikoni ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa rubber ya sintetike ikozwe muri polysiloxane ivanze n'ibikoresho byo kongera imbaraga, ibikoresho bikora neza n'inyongera, kandi ikaba elastomer isa n'urusobe nyuma yo gushyuha no gushyuha. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubuke, kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya ozone, kurwanya arc, gukingira amashanyarazi, kurwanya ubushuhe, guhumeka cyane no kudahumeka kw'umwuka. Ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoreshwa mu nganda zigezweho, ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi, imodoka, ubwubatsi, ubuvuzi, ubuvuzi bw'umuntu ku giti cye n'izindi nzego, kandi yabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi cyane mu bijyanye n'ikirere, mu nganda z'ingabo, mu nganda z'uburinzi n'iza gisirikare, mu nganda z'ubwenge n'izindi nzego.

4. Rubber ya fluorine

Rubber ya fluorine yerekeza ku bikoresho bya rubber birimo fluorine birimo atome za fluorine kuri atome za karuboni z'umunyururu mukuru cyangwa iminyururu yo ku ruhande. Imiterere yayo yihariye igenwa n'imiterere y'imiterere ya atome za fluorine. Rubber ya fluorine ishobora gukoreshwa kuri 250°C igihe kirekire, kandi ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa serivisi bushobora kugera kuri 300°C, mu gihe ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa EPDM gakondo na butyl rubber ari 150°C gusa. Uretse ubushyuhe bwinshi, fluororubber ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa peteroli, ubudahangarwa bwa chimique, ubudahangarwa bwa aside na alkali, kandi imikorere yayo yose ni yo myiza mu bikoresho byose bya elastomer ya rubber. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurwanya peteroli za roketi, misile, indege, amato, imodoka n'ibindi binyabiziga. Inzego zihariye nko gufunga no kurwanya peteroli ni ibikoresho by'ingenzi ku bukungu bw'igihugu no mu nganda z'ingabo n'iz'igihugu.

5. Rubber ya akrilate (ACM)

Acrylate rubber (ACM) ni elastomer iboneka binyuze mu gupima acrylate nk'umuyoboro mukuru. Umuyoboro wayo mukuru ni umuyoboro wa karuboni wuzuye, kandi amatsinda yayo yo ku ruhande ni amatsinda ya ester polar. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye, ifite imiterere myinshi myiza, nko kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya gusaza, kurwanya amavuta, kurwanya ozone, kurwanya UV, n'ibindi, imiterere yayo ya mekanike n'imikorere yayo ni byiza kurusha fluororubber na silicone rubber, kandi kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya gusaza no kurwanya amavuta ni byiza cyane muri nitrile rubber. ACM ikoreshwa cyane mu bidukikije bitandukanye bishyuha cyane kandi birwanya amavuta, kandi yabaye ibikoresho byo gufunga byatejwe imbere kandi bigatezwa imbere n'inganda z'imodoka mu myaka ya vuba aha.